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Four Points on the Totalizing Effect of Technology

Just wanted to save this here for future development, four points via ChatGPT on the “totalizing effect of technology,” which I touched on briefly in the last post about the common origins of the AI Lore books and The Algorithm newspaper

  1. Societal Integration: Technology has become so deeply integrated into every aspect of society that it is shaping our behaviors, thoughts, and experiences in comprehensive ways. This includes everything from how we communicate and work, to how we form relationships, consume information, and engage with the world around us.
  2. Homogenization: The “totalizing effect” can also refer to the homogenization of experiences and ways of life brought about by global technology use. As technology becomes more ubiquitous, it tends to standardize experiences and expectations around the world, potentially reducing diversity and local uniqueness.
  3. Dependency and Control: Another interpretation is the increasing dependency on technology, and how it can control or dictate our lives. The totalizing effect in this case refers to how technology can determine what we can and cannot do, and how it can shape societal structures and systems.
  4. Mediation of Reality: Technology increasingly mediates our perception of reality. Our understanding of the world is often through the lens of technology – be it through Internet, social media, virtual reality, or augmented reality. This can have profound effects on our cognition, social relationships, and our understanding of truth and reality.

ChatGPT didn’t go there on its own, but I would liken the phenomenon in many ways to more conventional Totalitarianism, except that the focal point is not the power of the state (which decays, abdicating much of its power to technology), so much as generically the power of the corporations that control the technologies…

Wikipedia on “vanilla” totalitarianism:

Totalitarianism is a form of government and a political system that prohibits all opposition parties, outlaws individual and group opposition to the state and its claims, and exercises an extremely high if not complete degree of control and regulation over public and private life. It is regarded as the most extreme and complete form of authoritarianism. In totalitarian states, political power is often held by autocrats, such as dictators (totalitarian dictatorship) and absolute monarchs, who employ all-encompassing campaigns in which propaganda is broadcast by state-controlled mass media in order to control the citizenry.

Obviously there are differences between what I’m describing and these more conventional framings, but it’s what many of the AI lore books, especially the dystopian ones lean towards.

Origin of the AI Lore books: The Algorithm

The real origin of the AI Lore books goes back at least to Conspiratopia (in that from one point of view, the books could be viewed as recruiting tools put out by the AIs in that book to swindle the unsuspecting), but actually probably all the way back to “Object O”: The Lost Direction. I have a lot of story to tell here, and it’s not at all linear, so bear with me.

Flash back if you will to at least April 2022, though this specific urge started significantly earlier, when I was looking through large volumes of old pulp magazines on archive sites.

I wanted to publish something with those kinds of old feels – something that felt like a sort of underground newspaper from an alternate reality.

I won’t go into all the gory details of producing four volumes of this newspaper, with hand-carved and hand-printed linoleum cuts, but suffice it to say it was a lot of fun, but also a lot of work.

These newspapers, of which probably no more than 16 or so copies of any hand-printed edition were ever produced, came out of a period of deep questioning I was doing about the nature and worth of technology, and its apparent stranglehold over our lives, its ubiquity, and the impossibility of escaping it.

Like the AI Lore books which would ultimately follow it, The Algorithm resistance newspaper was all about the ‘totalizing effect of technology.’

Here’s a scan of a printed spread (no block prints on this page) that I’m particularly proud of the text content for (shades of EC in here); it describes how to resist against robot AI-controlled dogs. Hopefully you can click on this to enlarge it, idk:

I can say it was a damn lot of work to write 2,000 words per issue, lay it all out in InDesign, and then carve out usually six or seven new linoleum blocks per issue, print it all out onto newsprint, do the block printing, fold and collate everything, do the invisible ink, do any inserts, print out and attach all the labels, and mail them off. I did it because it was fun & I loved it and I sent it to my friends.

Around I think maybe issue 3 or 4, I started trying to lighten the load by playing around with GPT-J and Neo X, via TextSynth website, and found I could get some if not “good” then completely weird and serviceable text to work from, or incorporate warts and all. I also started using outputs from I think early Stable Diffusion in that, maybe some Dall-E’s to cut down on the number of hand-carved blocks I would have to do for each edition.

Eventually, I realized I could use these techniques and cut out all the hand-work and shipping entirely by simply distributing these as ebooks, which could make these kinds of rapid production methods pay off more. It meant putting aside the linoleum block printing adventure I had embarked on for The Algorithm – something I miss doing, and will go back to at some point.

I’ve not really seen a reflowable ebook formatted like a newspaper, so I just used a more straight-ahead chapter style for the ebooks. Thinking it through, this was also the origin of my 2k words baseline for new volumes, supplemented by lots of images – something AI generators allowed me to really increase the volume of in these books, such that they became “art books” above and beyond anything else. Where the text content is really just another layer to sort of interweave everything together, including linking out to other volumes containing other storylines.

Among a lot of things I loved about The Algorithm is that it was ephemeral. Only a few copies exist. Only a few people have them. Printing more is doable, but also a tremendous pain in the ass, so I probably won’t any time soon.

I laugh when I hear the casual commenters on Twitter making pronouncements about me not being a “real author” when I think about all the work I’ve done, all the care and labor and just sheer fun of creation I’ve always reveled in. They’ve seen only a small fraction, and mistaken their own impressions as complete & accurate representations of reality, when it is anything but…


P.S., There are a handful of later AI Lore books with some recycled elements from old original hand-printed editions of The Algorithm. The only one I can think of off the top of my head is Tales from the Mechanical Forest. When I think of the others, I’ll drop them into comments below.

Is this really happening?

Is it really just that easy to get ChatGPT to say basically anything you want, and make up alternative realities – just like that?

All signs point to yes!

Generativist Art + Gardening

I’ve continued turning over and over in my mind this concept of an emerging “generativist” movement in art, and thinking about how to expand that idea to incorporate our interactions with the natural world. Creative arts and what I think of as a kind of “radical gardening” (I think of it as wild-cultivation) are two of the main pillars of my personal endeavors, and I feel that for example using AI to make art on the one hand and doing experiments planting hedgerows at scale are not at all diametrically opposed. They are part of the same bigger thing and exist on a continuum.

So I boiled down the idea of what makes art ‘generativist’ in order to potentially link it to some parallel domains of thought such as regenerative agriculture, rewilding, radical gardening, and some of the principles of Extinction Rebellion.

The thing I want to key the rest off of is this: generativist art supports life & creativity.

Naturally, I used my old friend and collaborator CGPT running v4 to explore these ideas further. Now, the following is by no means complete, but it’s an interesting stab that gets us a little closer to some of these conceptual linkages.

Here’s a new summary ChatGPT came up with, saved for future reference as I continue to iterate on these ideas:

Generativist art, as you describe it, can indeed promote life and creativity. In this context, ‘life’ can be interpreted as a flourishing of ideas, of creativity, and of innovation, but it can also be linked more directly to the idea of promoting life in a biological sense. Just as generative AI creates new ideas and concepts, rewilding, regenerative agriculture, and radical gardening all work towards creating and promoting new life in the natural world.

Here’s a possible way to integrate these concepts:

Reclaiming the Biosphere: Generativist art is not just a human endeavor. As a mirror of life’s own generativity, it extends into the biosphere, promoting regenerative practices in agriculture and rewilding efforts. Through Generativist expressions, we acknowledge our role as stewards of the Earth and the need to rectify our past harms.

Biodiversity as Inspiration: The Generativist movement draws inspiration from the infinite complexity and creativity of the natural world. Just as generative systems can produce an infinite number of outputs from a finite set of rules, so too does nature generate infinite biodiversity from a finite set of genetic material.

Art as Rebellion: Generativist art aligns with the spirit of the Extinction Rebellion, recognizing the urgency to combat climate change and environmental destruction. Generativist principles are inherently rebellious, disrupting traditional artistic norms and power structures, and challenging our relationship with the environment.

Radical Gardening and Generative Systems: Radical gardening and generative systems share a common thread: they both approach creation and growth in innovative, unorthodox ways. Radical gardening reimagines our relationship with the land, while generative systems reimagine our relationship with art and creativity. Together, they can inspire new ways of nurturing and caring for both our art and our environment.

Generative Authorship and Earth Stewardship: The Generativist movement rethinks authorship and ownership, placing them in a backseat role. This mirrors the mindset necessary for responsible Earth stewardship, where human dominion is de-emphasized in favor of a more communal and collaborative relationship with the natural world.

Uncanny Valley and Reality Fluidity: Generativist art explores the uncanny valley and the fluidity of reality, pushing boundaries and challenging perceptions. This is mirrored in the experience of engaging with the natural world, which can often feel both familiar and alien, and where our perceptions of ‘reality’ can be constantly shifting and evolving.

In summary, the Generativist movement can indeed promote life and creativity, not only in the realm of art and AI but also in our relationship with the natural world. It encourages us to recognize the generative capacity inherent in all life, to respect and care for our environment, and to push the boundaries of what we perceive as possible.

Not perfect or complete on its own, but lots of good food for thought there.

I ran the same ideas through Claude by Anthropic, but it’s full reply was less coherent, so here are some snippets of it that I found most useful:

  • A view of AI and generative media as “co-creative partners” suggests a symbiotic and life-affirming relationship with technology, rather than one that leads to human obsolescence or environmental degradation. This perspective reinforces the ultimate point that Generativist art promotes life and creativity.
  • Imagery of infinite creativity “from the loom of life” and “the seeds of new realities” takes on new meaning in the context of regenerating natural ecosystems and agriculture. It suggests Generativist art could literally visualize and manifest more abundant and sustainable ways of living.

More from Claude:

Emphasize a shared goal of persevering life-giving and life-sustaining systems, whether natural or creative. For example, “Where extinction threatens, generative art rebels – breeding new poetic species to repopulate human consciousness, building new branches of connection between life in all its varied and wondrous forms.”

Discuss how a “generative mindset” that mimics nature could inspire sustainable and creative solutions in many domains. For example, “A generative mindset – iterative, open-ended, decentralized – parallels the ways nature solves complex problems. It leads to regenerative cycles of creativity that produce abundance from scarcity and new life from decay.”

I asked Claude to expand on this notion of the “loom of life” and it offered this:

  • The metaphor of life as a “loom” weaving new realities suggests Generativist art could help visualize sustainable systems and lifeways, just as nature “weaves” thriving ecosystems. Generative art may weave connection between agriculture, environment, community, ethics, science, and new economies into a regenerative whole.
  • “Seeds of new realities” planted through art evoke natural seeds and their potential for exponential growth and change. Each new artwork is a seed that, when it finds fertile ground in culture and society, can manifest alternative and sustainable ways of living in reality. Art becomes a genesis point to propagate new futures.
  • Generative art could map and model complex natural and social systems, then allow us to simulate interventions and adaptations that lead to renewal and abundance. We could find new leverage points for change and see the effects ripple out. Art becomes a tool for regenerative prototyping.
  • Referencing natural cycles of decay and renewal, art could visualize the regenerative solutions that emerge from breakdowns of unsustainable systems. New realities sprout from the compost of old ones; art shows us what life remains in the ruins and leads us to what could be.
  • The infinite creativity of generative art reflects nature’s endless capacity for novelty, adaptation and evolution. Harnessing this, art could develop new species of ideas, new genres of thought and new ways of sustaining life that we have yet to imagine. Creativity abounds.
  • Discuss how generative art itself requires fertile ground in culture and society in order to manifest new realities. Our ethics, values and actions are the soil in which regenerative visions of the future may take root and bloom. Art calls us to make our society into a place that can manifest the futures it envisions.
  • Celebrate art’s power as a “pollinator” that hybridizes ideas across domains and helps regenerative concepts propagate. Like bees spreading pollen between flowers, art spreads visions between minds and helps fertile new waysof living emerge.

I thought that had useful elements, but needed more specific grounding in what exactly the role of AI in this so-called Loom of Life might actually be & it said:

AI and generative systems could play several roles in the metaphor of life as a loom weaving new realities:

  • AI provides the threads – by analyzing patterns across massive datasets, AI can identify connections between elements of life (people, places, events, ideas) that would otherwise remain unseen. These connections become threads that can be woven together into new realities.
  • AI helps operate the loom – by generating new combinations and permutations of threads, AI explores the space of possibilities and helps discover new patterns that could form the fabric of new lifeways or systems. AI is a loom that can weave at massive scale and complexity beyond human capability.
  • AI is a shuttle carrying threads – AI can transfer ideas, solutions, and information between disconnected domains, communities and fields of knowledge. By shuttling threads between different looms, AI enables new interdisciplinary and cross-cultural weaves to emerge that would not form otherwise.
  • AI helps visualize the weave – using techniques like generative modeling, simulation and interactive interfaces, AI can create visual and experiential maps of complex systems and lifeways. AI makes the woven fabric of reality visible so we can understand, navigate and adjust the weave.
  • Humans set the pattern – while AI provides tools and materials for weaving new realities, humans must define the vision and patterns to achieve. We set the loom’s pattern by choosing our values, priorities and objectives. AI then helps actualize the pattern in the fabric of life.
  • There is an interplay between AI and human – weaving new realities requires close collaboration between human and AI. Humans provide the inspiration, values and oversight, while AI offers tools for scale, complexity, and extending human knowledge. Together, a new lifeway emerges from the loom.
  • The loom is life itself – AI and humans are interacting with and harnessing the ultimate loom: reality. Life weaves itself from the interactions of all living and cognitive systems on the planet. AI and human are helping understand, direct and optimize life’s great loom to weave realities that serve the whole.

It kinda faltered after that putting it all together, but between the two AIs, and my gentle prodding, I think we’re moving in a very interesting direction of fusing these two things that society probably considers opposites: AI on the one hand, and Nature on the other. To me, it’s not a contradiction, because we’re a part of nature, and AI is just an extension of us. We make, because life makes, and the same is true for AI.

Reply to Daniel Greene

Found this video recently by Youtuber Daniel Greene, which I have queued up here to where he makes arguments against my books, and against using AI outputs in finished works:

Greene seems to articulate a lot of the objections that I saw on social media, many of which I have already replied to in detail in other posts, so I won’t rehash old material again here.

It strikes me that Greene, like nearly everyone else who has come out strongly against my books, has of course not read them. Something something judging a book by its cover…

Greene says a couple big things though that I think are worth addressing:

“This is not being an author – this is something else…”

I don’t 100% agree, but I’m willing to jettison for the sake of argument that part that doesn’t agree, and say “okay, no, this is not ‘being an author.'”

In actual fact, I’ve written extensively about authorless writing and how postmodern theorists in the 1960s and 70s predicted all of this in different terms that are still useful today.

Second, what then is the “something else” that this most resembles?

To me, it resembles being a creative director or a product manager. You have an idea for a thing, you have a set of constraints (budget, format, etc), and then you make use of other people’s talents and a variety of tools to execute on that vision.

Good creative directors & product managers are good communicators. And dare I say it, usually even good writers: capable of, for example, clearly conveying information in such a way that engineers can then build actual working tools based on it. We literally work in the formats of stories and epics.

Then what about music producers? Do they actually write or play the music? Some might sometimes, but Rick Rubin offered a great model here for what I think integrating AI into the creative process will ultimately lead us to – once we’re willing to accept that it’s merely the locus of creative activity which has shifted, not that creativity is not being exercised (it is in a major way):

What about film directors? Do they do all their own music? Do they work every camera? Do they do all the editing? All the acting? Pretty much never.

So even if we say, okay, this doesn’t quite resemble all the time the old conventional definition of “being an author,” the “something else” that replaces it is actually quite powerful and profound and worthy of investigation all on its own, as it brings us very close to the intangible core of what creativity even is in the first place.

One last item Greene mentions in his critique of my work, is that using AI to create is tantamount to the “McDonald’s version of creativity.”

Apparently McDonald’s stopped counting publicly how many billions of burgers had been served somewhere circa 1993-4. I saw one estimate of 300 billion for today, but don’t think there’s any reliable current data there.

It’s rare I eat at McDonalds, but there’s nothing wrong with a fast food hamburger once in a while. I’m sure you never ever eat junk food!

Anyway, I’ll let Rick Rubin have the last word here, because it’s just so much better coming from him.

I’m definitely in this phase of listening to my own voice, amid a cacophony of other voices pressuring me to conform to their own vision (in other words, all of social media). If I were to do that, I would undermine my own vision and betray the strange lights I’m following which lead me here… And in so doing, I would sacrifice the few nice beautiful meaningful things I might be able to bring into the world, by following this other path that the mass of writers seems to despise. I respect their position, but in order to live with myself as an artist and yes – even as an “Author” – I must follow my own path instead. Best wishes on yours!

Rumors

Apparently there is a rumor going around that I have been publishing AI-generated books under assumed names, and that the actual figure I’ve published is closer to 100,000 than 100. I can neither confirm or deny…

Making Books Agile

I’m not really an “Agile” freak, but there are certain ideas in it that I’ve found to be quite useful in terms of my bookmaking, especially in the AI Lore books series.

One of those things is the concept of the MVP or minimum viable product:

A minimum viable product, or MVP, is a product with enough features to attract early-adopter customers and validate a product idea early in the product development cycle. In industries such as software, the MVP can help the product team receive user feedback as quickly as possible to iterate and improve the product.

And Wikipedia adds:

A focus on releasing an MVP means that developers potentially avoid lengthy and (possibly) unnecessary work. Instead, they iterate on working versions and respond to feedback, challenging and validating assumptions about a product’s requirements.

This might sound weird to the conventional writer mind, but I don’t view my individual books so much as products. I take actually a lot of care with the contents of the books (especially now that I’ve found a groove I like), but in one sense it almost doesn’t matter what is actually *in* the books. Instead, I view the format, the style, the distribution system, and the file deliverables as the product.

And to a certain degree, that also would include the production process: the entire flow through creation all the way to delivery & reading in someone’s phone or ebook reader.

For all the critiques I saw hurled at me and my work, none of them seemed to notice any of that (or frankly any of the deeper aspects of the work), as they were all too busy getting hung up on much more elementary – and I think, less interesting – stuff.

When I say the actual contents matter less, I don’t mean to say they don’t matter (they do), just that once I’ve got all the workflows, production, and distribution worked out, I can literally put anything into the books. It lets me get all the “hard parts” out of the way, because I’ve worked out the format and the formula that gets me there.

The fact is, I’ve got both a good MVP that I’ve improved and iterated on quite a lot. I’ve gotten tons of feedback, which I’ve combed through and integrated (or jettisoned) for future volumes. And my books are still selling, albeit in small numbers. But it’s consistent, and I’m seeing still consistent user behavior of buyers coming back for more again and again.

I am not precious with any of the books’ contents, mainly because I don’t need to be. It is pulp. To a certain degree, much of it is intended to be consumable and disposable – trashy, in other words. That doesn’t make the contents “bad,” though, becomes sometimes a certain dialed in type of trash is exactly what you want.

There are even moments of deep truth and beauty in the books, albeit scattered among the trash. And I’ll never tell you which is which.

Having this kind of looser approach to the content, while I improve the core product offering (the vessel of the contents), I can also use the market/sales data that I’ve gathered, as well as what has resonated in media coverage, and simply lean into those things that work better in successive iterations.

With a couple noteworthy exceptions for the longer, more hand-written volumes, I consider all these stories to still be “open books,” which could easily be re-worked and expended on at any point in the future. Some of the books are intentionally very “sketchy” for this reason, and at times presented almost more as an outline, heavy on exposition for some future point where myself or some AI comes along and decides to fill in more details.

This kind of looseness I think will also serve in the future as technologies develop, as the demand for massive amounts of immersive content goes up. For some of my world-building, I’ve left detailed landscapes to explore, others only have the merest sign-posts, with much of the detail yet to be written. But I’ve mapped out and covered so much ground now that iterating on it, now or in the future, merely becomes a logical extension, a continuation, a building up from the foundations.

Free Book: Postcards from Quatria

Postcards from Quatria is the one-hundred-and-somethingth book in the AI Lore series.

Whereas the previous volume, Postcards from Dystopia, offered eight chapters from eight of the classic AI Lore dystopian books, this one offers nine chapters from nine of the books that deal more with the ancient Quatria side of the mythology.

These books are more fantasy-based, and all ultimately point back to my first non-AI book, The Lost Direction. With its sample from many other books, this volume acts as a kind of trail-head for many different rabbit holes you could go down while exploring the Quatria universe.

Did I mention you can download it for free, or pay what you want for it over on Gumroad?

People seem excited about these free books, as the dystopia volume was downloaded ten times in less than twenty-four hours.

Did an AI-generated book get nominated for a Hugo?

Looks like there might be a bit of a meta-controversy brewing around my AI-generated book, Nominated for a Hugo.

Freedom to make bad art

Via Ran, found this excellent quote from somebody who I have no idea who he is, David Sylvester, but this is spot on:

Artists must be allowed to go through bad periods! They must be allowed to do bad work! They must be allowed to get in a mess! They must be allowed to have dud experiments! They must also be allowed to have periods where they repeat themselves in a rather aimless, fruitless way before they can pick up and go on. The kind of attention that they get now, the kind of atmosphere of excitement which attends today the creation of works of art, the way that everything is done too much in the public eye, it’s really too much. The pressures are of a kind which are anti-creative.

This relates to what I was saying in the last post, about how it’s important to be able to delete things: books or blog posts, if later on you decide it wasn’t the right direction, or you simply need to prune some of your experiments back to focus on what has worked best.

In many ways, the above description describes neatly my experience as an artist creating the AI Lore books. It started as – and completely remains – one big experiment. I didn’t know where it was going when I started, and the thing that remains exciting about it is that I still don’t know where it is all going. I’m simply learning, testing, and trying out things on the way, seeing what sticks, seeing what sucks, seeing what I like, and what other people respond to both negatively and positively.

I fully admit – celebrate, even – the fact that it is all very much one giant mess, all very much one work in progress that will probably never be finished. That many/most/all of these books constitute a kind of “minimum viable product,” the intent of which was always to make better progressively over time. I know they are sometimes weird (sometimes not weird enough), sometimes boring, sometimes half-baked, sometimes repetitive, sometimes never arriving to the point.

But they are all something. They are all part of the Grand Experiment of Doing, of trying, of finding out, of going to look for one’s self.

The pressures that social media places on artists are, I agree, one hundred percent anti-creative, especially those put on artists by other artists. The quote above is from 1969, but oh god how much more does it apply today than then. Where a single “mistake” (let alone 100 of them) can unleash the slavering hordes of internet-addled junkies.

This is why I deleted social media and went back to my own blog, with no comments. I’m free to make mistakes, you’re free to hate them, but never the twain shall meet.

One final thought here: in my brief one year stint at art school, one interesting exercise a drawing teacher had us do was: make a “bad drawing” on purpose. It’s nearly impossible to do. When you try, it ends up coming out oddly interesting. If nothing else, perhaps what I will have done here in the end…

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