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Herbs in Gruit (Brewing)

Gruit was and is a combination of herbs, commonly including sweet gale (Myrica gale), mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea), horehound (Marrubium vulgare), and Calluna heather (Calluna vulgaris). Gruit varied somewhat, each gruit producer including different herbs to produce unique flavors and effects. Other adjunct herbs include juniper berries, ginger, caraway seed, aniseed, nutmeg, cinnamon, mint and occasionally hops in variable proportions (although gruit today is often sought out for lacking hops).

Source: Gruit – Wikipedia

Gruel (Food)

Gruel was the staple food of the ancient Greeks, for whom roasted meats were the extraordinary feast that followed sacrifice, even among heroes, and “In practice bread was a luxury eaten only in towns”. Roman plebeians “ate the staple gruel of classical times, supplemented by oil, the humbler vegetables and salt fish”,[3] for gruel could be prepared without access to the communal ovens in which bread was baked. In the Middle Ages the peasant could avoid the tithe exacted, usually in kind, for grain ground by the miller of the landowner’s mill by roasting the grains to make them digestible, and grinding small portions in a mortar at home. In lieu of cooking the resulting paste on the hearthstone, it could be simmered in a cauldron with water or, luxuriously, with milk.

Source: Gruel – Wikipedia

Small beer (Brewing)

Before the 19th century, drinking water had the potential to make one sick because of poor sanitation. Practical experience showed that fermented beverages were less likely to produce illness.[2] At mealtimes in the Middle Ages, everyone could drink small beer, including children, while eating a meal at the table. Table beer was around this time typically less than 1% ABV.[4]

It was common for workers (including sailors) who engaged in heavy physical labor to drink more than 10 imperial pints (5.7 litres) of small beer during a workday to quench their thirst. Small beer was also drunk for its nutrition content; it might even have bits of wheat or bread suspended in it.

Source: Small beer – Wikipedia

Charles Domery (Polish soldier)

Charles Domery (c. 1778 – after 1800), later also known as Charles Domerz, was a Polish[note 1] soldier serving in the Prussian and French armies, noted for his unusually large appetite. Serving in the Prussian Army against France during the War of the First Coalition, he found that the rations of the Prussians were insufficient and deserted to the French Army in return for food. Although generally healthy, he was voraciously hungry during his time in the French service, and ate any available food. While stationed near Paris, he was recorded as having eaten 174 cats in a year, and although he disliked vegetables, he would eat 4 to 5 pounds (1.8 to 2.3 kg) of grass each day if he could not find other food. During service on the French ship Hoche, he attempted to eat the severed leg of a crew member hit by cannon fire, before other members of the crew wrestled it from him.

In February 1799, the Hoche was captured by British forces and the crew, including Domery, were interned in Liverpool, where he shocked his captors with his voracious appetite: despite being put on ten times the usual rations, he ate the prison cat and at least 20 rats, and would often eat the prison candles. In one experiment, over the course of a day he ate 16 pounds (7.3 kg) of raw cow’s udder, raw beef and tallow candles and four bottles of porter, all of which he ate and drank without defecating, urinating, or vomiting.

Source: Charles Domery – Wikipedia

See also: Polyphagia

Erysichthon of Thessaly (Greek mythology)

Erysichthon once ordered all trees in the sacred grove of Demeter to be cut down. One huge oak was covered with votive wreaths, a symbol of every prayer Demeter had granted, and so the men refused to cut it down. Erysichthon grabbed an axe and cut it down himself, killing a dryad nymph in the process. The nymph’s dying words were a curse on Erysichthon.

Demeter responded to the nymph’s curse and punished him by entreating Limos, the spirit of unrelenting and insatiable hunger, to place herself in his stomach. Food acted like fuel on a fire: The more he ate, the hungrier he got. Erysichthon sold all his possessions to buy food, but was still hungry. At last he sold his own daughter Mestra into slavery. Mestra was freed from slavery by her former lover Poseidon, who gave her the gift of shape-shifting into any creature at will to escape her bonds. Erysichthon used her shape-shifting ability to sell her numerous times to make money to feed himself, but no amount of food was enough. Eventually, Erysichthon ate himself in hunger. Nothing of him remained the following morning.[10][11]

Source: Erysichthon of Thessaly – Wikipedia

Tarrare (French performer)

As a child, Tarrare had a huge appetite and by his teens could eat a quarter of a bullock, weighing as much as Tarrare himself, in a single day.[4][5] By this time, his parents could not provide for him and had forced him to leave home.[1][6] For some years after this, he toured the country with a roaming band of thieves and prostitutes,[7] begging and stealing for food,[1] before gaining employment as a warm-up act to a travelling charlatan.[6][8] Tarrare would draw a crowd by eating corks, stones and live animals, and by swallowing an entire basketful of apples one after the other.[1][6] He would eat ravenously and was particularly fond of snake meat.[2][8]

In 1788, Tarrare moved to Paris to work as a street performer.[6] He appears to have been successful in general, but on one occasion the act went wrong and he had severe intestinal obstruction.[6] Members of the crowd carried him to the Hôtel-Dieu hospital, where he was treated with powerful laxatives.[6] He made a full recovery and offered to demonstrate his act by eating his surgeon’s watch and chain; M. Giraud, the surgeon, was unimpressed by the offer and warned him that if he did so, he would cut Tarrare open to recover the items.[6][8]

Source: Tarrare – Wikipedia

Coracle (Boat)

Yoal (Boat)

The yoal was the main vessel used for haaf (open water within sight of land, up to 10 miles from shore) fishing for cod, ling and tusk until the fish shoals moved further offshore at the end of the 17th century, probably due to climatic change.[4] Although yoals were not designed for the far haaf, Shetland fishermen continued to use them for relatively deep sea fishing with attendant accidents and loss of life until the introduction in the mid 18th century of the larger, heavier and deeper sixareen designed for fishing further offshore.

Source: Yoal – Wikipedia

A Dream of Fish

While Benda and Tob were discussing in low tones what to do next, they heard suddenly from outside the kiwot somewhere nearby the sound of an oar splashing. They all froze, listening.

The gentle splashing continued for a time, until they heard what sounded like a small craft being dragged out of the water onto the beach of the tiny island upon which the lodge of the kumbios rested. As the boater pulled, he hummed to himself a tune which Benda suddenly realized he knew. His heart lifted. Without thinking, Benda joined in, singing aloud the words:

“We who go out upon the waters,
Let us return in good stead,
Nets full of fishes,
Nets full of fishes…”

The boater nearby on the shore turned and looked about him in all directions.

“Hearts filled with wishes,” he continued the next line, and chuckled.

“Little kumbios learned how to sing then, have they? Or be thou undine or some other sprite sent to torment a poor fisherman?”

“Neither sprite nor fairy am I,” said Benda from within the kiwot.

Tob was uncertain if this visitor was friend or foe, and cast Benda a disapproving look with his many small eyes. Benda merely shrugged, and mouthed the words, “What else are we to do?”

“If not a spirit,” said the fisherman, “then singer, show thyself to me, that I may see with my eyes, and hear with my ears how came you here to this lonely isle.”

Without hesitation, Benda donned his cloak, and dove into the watery door below the kiwot. Passing through, he swam free of the lodge’s cover, and turned to the shore where the boater had landed. He crawled up out of the water, once again soaked.

The boater turned with a start, as if he’d seen a ghost.

“No spirit nor fairy say you, but you speak from kiwot and come up out of the depths like a silvery ghost,” said the boater, looking Benda up and down. “Still, you are welcome.”

Benda in turn examined the boater, a man around his own age, dressed in the tribal skins and gear of the Squamat lake people. And he looked at the man’s tiny round boat, a coracle. It was like a large basket, covered in hide, barely large enough for one man, never mind two.

“I thank you for your kindness to such a peculiar stranger as myself,” Benda began.

From within the kiwot, the two kumbios dove out of their door, and swam toward Benda on the beach. Tob howled though, not himself a swimmer. He didn’t want to be left out of the action. The second kumbio hearing him, came back in, and lowering its head before Tob offered him its neck. Tob scrambled aboard, took a deep breath, and the kumbio dove back under again. They all went to join Benda.

The boater eyed this unlikely crew with interest but with wariness. He pulled out a pipe from his jacket, stuffed it quietly, lit it, taking a big puff, and offered it to Benda. “Smoke?”

Benda took it, inhaling deeply, and then broke out into a huge coughing fit.

The boater laughed heartily, and sat down then on a log on the little beach.

“I am called Velornix,” he said. “I am but a humble fisherman.”

Benda approached him, and sat down on the ground opposite Velornix. “I too am a fisherman,” he said. “But from far still to the south, a village near Cannaxus. And I am called Benda.”

The man’s eyebrows lifted in recognition. “Lake Cannaxid is not far off,” said Velornix, “but the city of Cannaxus – that’s another story.” He puffed on his pipe thoughtfully.

“And I am called Tob, Tob Gobble – at your service!” Tob broke in, impatient that no one seemed to be looking at him. He scrambled close to Benda (for protection, but pride would never allow him to admit that), and bowed with his usual flourish.

Velornix’s eyes twinkled in laughter, but none passed from his lips. “And I am at yours, my little fellow,” he replied with kindness.

The two kumbios frolicked and splashed in the shore, chasing and tumbling over one another.

“Now,” said Velornix, “suppose you tell me how came you here, this most peculiar band, in this most peculiar fashion.”

“How I would like to tell you everything,” said Benda, “in good time. But I’m afraid ours runs short.”

Velornix raised again his eyebrows in a question mark, “Oh? How’s that?”

“Well,” broke in Tob, who felt (incorrectly) both subtly mocked and ignored. “You see, my friend here was caught by Xenarths, and then by a giant eagle, but with my magic, I managed to change him into a great fi–“

Benda eyed Tob sternly. Tob grumpily took the hint, and promptly shut up.

“Xenarths,” mused Velornix. “Nasty business, I’m sure.” He eyed Tob carefully, and Benda. The kumbios splashed and raced one another in the background.

“Now what’s all this about an eagle?”

“A giant eagle,” Tob corrected him.

“Please,” Benda said. “There isn’t much time. The eagle who is a man, a shapeshifter. His name is Murta. His eyes are everywhere under the sun. We are in danger here.”

On hearing this name, Velornix spat onto the ground. “Aye, we know this wizard and thief. We call him Zedeffed, the Ugly. He preys on our livestock, and terrorizes our children. It is he who incites the Holmats and pays the Xenarths to raid our villages, so he can push us out of our ancestral lands. If he is your foe, then I am indeed your friend, though I may not be your countryman. Aye, I will help you.”

“I thank you,” said Benda, a wave of relief washing over him. He eyed the sky carefully before continuing. “Let me just ask you one thing, though – one fisherman to another. How came you here today, to this place, at this hour?”

Velornix puffed on the last of his pipe, then emptied it. “I dreamt this morning that a great silver fish fell from the sky.” He stood up suddenly. “And I came here to catch it. And it looks like I have succeeded!” he laughed heartily, then pointed to his tiny coracle.

“Get in then,” he said. “We haven’t much time to lose. The morning mists will soon be lifting. I might not be able to get you all the way to safety, but I can at least get you away from here. Let’s go.”

The Tale of Tob’s Brother-Father

“Now that you know the history of my people, the trunk of our tree,” Tob continued, in a mock oratorial pose, “let us venture forth onto that delicate branch which comprises my own family’s particular tale.”

Benda, who found that he was rather enjoying himself, despite his weariness and the apparent length of the cycle of tales unfurling before him, nodded in silent agreement. Tob began again.

“I am called Tob, Brother-Son of Otob, who was original of his people (we are only two), and through whom my lifeline passed, as a clone, before his passing. Otob was brother-son, unknown, and grown all alone, of Potob, of whom the tale of my people speaks. It was Potob who, out of fear of being eaten, leapt from the sack of Makkarin, our mother, and who burrowed deep into her footsteps, and for whom sleep would not come. His cries, lying there, awoke an Old One, in the form of a rat, who came to him and chewed upon him.

“When Makkarin arrived in brightness, the Old One in the normal telling of the legend hissed and fled. But in actuality, he choked, and spat first before he ran. For he had a mouthful of my great-brother-father, Potob. Neither Potob nor Makkarin in this moment of peril, had the presence of mind to notice, let alone collect these expelled remnants, and they went away, where Potob and his brethren and sistren were planted in the Great Fields, and the Children of Makkarin planted them forever anew.

“And yet, all alone, this blob of Potob’s flesh, following its due course, developed into a full clone, with a life of its own. His name was Otob. But without anyone to harvest, or plant him anew, he languished in loneliness. And his only companions were the Dirt People, who in the Wide Lands are known as Gobs. The Dirt People were not an advanced civilization. They had not even any language, or means of locomotion. Though they recognized and lived under that same brightness of Makkarin, they knew not even her name, and did not think to wonder about it.

“Otob, then, in his loneliness, over many long years buried deep below the surface, sent out his many rootlets, both eyes and fingers, to find the Gobs, to touch them each, and speak to them in turn, with what few words he as a clone had inherited from his parents. I say parents not in the sense as you humans or mammals use it — for he had only one brother-father of his lifeline, Potob — but in a chemical sense, in essence. For when Potob was bitten, and when the rat did spit him out as a separate entity, Otob took within him a trace amount of the poison which oozed from the mouth of the Old One. Thus he had two parents, one from whom he inherited the knowledge of Makkarin and her brightness, though dimmed from long ages without contact, and the other from whom he inherited a dark secret knowledge of the depths, and the ancient carnal desire for flesh and for consumption. It welled within him, and he recognized it not.

“It was this like desire which his touching and soothing words awoke with poison in his adopted brother Gobs, who spoke not as humans do, in exhalations and tonal variations, but in great feats and feasts of consumption, inhalations of matter, pulling other entities into their bodies. Thus their language lived inside them, and they were dumb one to the other. And so it came to pass, that the Dirt People, who had truly become Gobs, did eat, consume, and devour one the other. And they grew in size, mass, and knowledge, for when they ate, they took inside them the words and wisdom consumed by the others.

“Over many long generations, my brother-father Otob, watched this happen. He greeted it neither with glee, nor with distaste, as he had no measure for it. But it seemed to him to mean that, over time, the Gobs became more coherent, more intelligent, and more intelligible. The touches of Otob’s eye-fingers, were met ever more with greater awareness, and the larger Gobs even let his roots pass within them, so that he could touch, and see, and communicate, with all the remnants of entities who had passed within, and which made up the collective being of the Gobs. In doing so, he felt less alone.

“There was a Great Gob, who was without a family or personal name, but who was the largest of them all, and who had eaten more than all the others. This Great Gob had become the closest companion of Otob, my brother-father, and Otob’s roots were inextricably intertwined in his mass. Through them, the two communicated in a language without words, of direct impulse, one to the other. And the Great Gob grew and grew as he consumed, feeding at the same time his companion, Otob, through the tiny mouths on his penetrating roots. So Otob grew too, but with none to take him out in harvest, or to split him up into brother-children, and plant them all anew. And with his size, his hunger grew too, as did the poison that the Old One had spread when he bit and spat him out and fled.

“Finally, there came a time when the Great Gob, and my brother-father Otob had completely grown together, fusing in mutual devourment. Thus was formed the first Gobble, when the Great Gob sprouted arms and legs terminating in rootlet mouths and eye-fingers, and lifted himself up out of the soil. Dirt People no more, he became a Stroller, on the broad open face of the Wide World.

“With his limbs, he strolled, eye-fingers blinking under the hot ball of the Sun. He learned to hide out in cool quiet holes and dells during the hot days, and prowled about at night amongst the other creatures, testing and stalking, probing who he could eat without much trouble. And eat he did other beings, Sitters and Strollers alike, most often in their sleep. For he was not a quick predator, capable of running and pouncing like the forest cat, nor patient with a sudden killing strike like the Heron who fished along the Great River. His method of consumption was altogether barbaric. He touched his prey with his tendrils, dusting them with a fine toxic powder which he extruded from his flowers, a trick he’d derived from the poison knowledge of the Old One. It sent them ever deeper into dream, and then he devoured them, quite alive and whole.

“Thus through many long nights of many dark ages, he grew, and grew. And as he ate, he consumed the knowledge of those beings he took within him, learning many secret twisted ways of things that lurk and slink in darkness. With it, he grew ever more wild.

“It so happened that his wandering pathway took him through forest, and over mountain, and fetid hill, until he came upon a village of men, asleep by their fires in their thatched huts, whose roofs were made from reeds of leaves grown along the edge of the Great River, and from which they made their boats. Finding them thus, he crept down and into their village, and with his slumber dust, did cause to be devoured all the occupants of one hut, a family of eight, including their dog. He made no sound, and crept back up to the fetid hills before dawn.

“When the people arose, there was much wonder and fear over the loss of this beloved family, one branch of the wider clan encamped together here, since many long ages. And from their surviving ranks, they elected by lot a man to perform the office of hero, to watch over and protect them the next night. His name was Lam, and he waited the next night by the dark of the moon, with only the stars to watch over him. His only protection was the simple tunic, and cloak on his back, and the long ritual staff of the hero, shod in bronze.

“Otob Gobble paid little heed to this man, for he had seen many others of his kind (and always carefully avoided them), though the night preceding was the first time he had ever tasted human flesh. He imagined himself devouring this one too with the long stick, followed by the occupants of the next hut in the village. So he crept then with stealth down from the fetid hills, tendrils sensing in the dark for his prey. Such was his skill as a hunter that Otob Gobble was nearly upon him, before Lam was aware of the danger. The monster’s tendrils reached out to touch and dust the man’s arm with his poison, but Lam, who had been dozing, spun awake and away from his reach, and brought the long shaft of the staff down on the head of the Gobble. He cried out in pain, and in his panic, expelled great puffs of slumber dust from the orifices of his flowers, which trailed behind him like dirty, ragged hair.

“Lam, seeing this, covered his mouth with the edge of his cloak, and while the Gobble was still reeling, lifted up the bronze shod end of the hero staff, and barreling toward the monster, cleft it in its forehead. The Gobble reeled back in agony, having never been struck before by such a blow, let alone by a hero staff tipped in forged metal. The shock reverberated to his very core, and the staff broke in two. Lam too stumbled back at the force of it, and slipped, exposing his mouth to the slumber dust still pregnant in the air.

“Falling fast asleep, he did not see the marvelous disintegration of the hideous monstrosity which my brother-father had become, as the wound rent to pieces his mass, and out from his flesh poured the many bits and forms of beings who he had eaten and absorbed within him. Those who had been devoured most recently, in fact, like the family from the village, escaped still alive, though in a deep slumber still for a few more days . Others who had been eaten long ago were less lucky, and were expelled only as skeletons, or bits of fur, hair, and claw, which had been too rough for the Gobble to digest, but which he had been too greedy to expel.

“The Great Gob who had subsumed my brother-father was thus killed, releasing too poor Otob from his grasp. But so much had he grown in eating, and become intertwined with the Gob, such that he too was effectively killed in the fight with Lam. In the dawn light of the next day, the villagers gathered up their sleeping members, and took care of the few other dormant animals and critters who had been eaten recently, but who remained alive. And they put the rest, including the remains of my brother-father, roots and all (or so they thought) into a huge purifying fire, and burned it all for three days and three nights. And when the fire had ended, Lam the hero, and the sleeping villagers, and other recovered animals and critters awoke, and were sorely hungry. A feast was held, and all for them returned to normal.”

“A truly incredible tale!” Benda cheered at the end. “But if they burned the remnants, how then did you survive?”

“To this detail, I will now attend, my dear, dear friend. You see, there was a bit of root, little more than the tip of an eye-finger, which in the duel had broken off, and fallen under Lam’s foot. When the villagers found Lam and the others, they had left them be where they lay, and made up beds for them in the open, under the warmth of the sun, thinking this would cause their eyes to open. And as they gathered up the monstrous remnants, they neglected to find this root, which, after its nature, burrowed into the soil, grew, and formed a clone. The one and very same you see before you today. It is I, Tob Gobble, at your service.”

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