Category: Other Page 160 of 177

Religious institutions of great antiquity in Tyre, called marzeh (????, “place of reunion”), did much to foster social bonding and “kin” loyalty.[101] These institutions held banquets for their membership on festival days. Various marzeh societies developed into elite fraternities, becoming very influential in the commercial trade and governance of Tyre. As now understood, each marzeh originated in the congeniality inspired and then nurtured by a series of ritual meals, shared together as trusted “kin”, all held in honor of the deified ancestors.

Source: Phoenicia – Wikipedia

An emporium refers to a trading post, factory, or market of Classical antiquity, derived from the Ancient Greek: ἐμπόριον, romanized: (empórion), which becomes Latin: emporium.

Source: Emporium (antiquity) – Wikipedia

According to Robert Drews:

“Within a period of forty to fifty years at the end of the thirteenth and the beginning of the twelfth century almost every significant city in the eastern Mediterranean world was destroyed, many of them never to be occupied again.[5]”

Source: Late Bronze Age collapse – Wikipedia

The Hyksos brought several technical innovations to Egypt, as well as cultural imports such as new musical instruments and foreign loanwords.[9] The changes introduced include new techniques of bronze-working and pottery, new breeds of animals, and new crops.[9] In warfare, they introduced the horse and chariot,[10] the composite bow, improved battle axes, and advanced fortification techniques.[9] These cultural advances received from the Hyksos became a decisive factor in Egypt’s later success in building an empire in the Middle East during the New Kingdom.[9]

Source: Hyksos – Wikipedia

Archipelagic states are states that are composed of groups of islands forming a state as a single unit, with the islands and the waters within the baselines as internal waters. Under this concept (“archipelagic doctrine”), an archipelago shall be regarded as a single unit, so that the waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, irrespective of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the state, and are subject to its exclusive sovereignty.

Source: Archipelagic state – Wikipedia

…Thousands of Italians from the maritime republics poured into the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea, creating bases, ports and commercial establishments known as “colonies”. These were small gated enclaves within a city, often just a single street, where the laws of the Italian city were administered by a governor appointed from home, and there would be a church under home jurisdiction and shops with Italian styles of food. These Italian mercantile centers also exerted significant political influence

Source: Maritime republics – Wikipedia

The word Krem-el is derived from the Ancient Proto-Kremellian term for citadel, reflecting the stonework fortification around which the larger City of Kremel formed, and for which the surrounding principality was named, as well as the peninsula as a whole. The term is also less commonly used to indicate the Wall of Kremel which separated the south-east portion of that lush province from the harsh desert and its roving denizens beyond.

Source: The Five Kingdoms of Kremel – Quatria – Medium

Continental land, as distinguished from islands.

Source: terra firma – Wiktionary