Category: Other Page 112 of 182

In Eastern Antarctica, seed ferns or pteridosperms became abundant and large amounts of sandstone and shale were laid down at this time. Synapsids, commonly known as “mammal-like reptiles”, were common in Antarctica during the Early Triassic and included forms such as Lystrosaurus. The Antarctic Peninsula began to form during the Jurassic period (206–146 Ma), and islands gradually rose out of the ocean. Ginkgo trees, conifers, bennettites, horsetails, ferns and cycads were plentiful during this period. In West Antarctica, coniferous forests dominated through the entire Cretaceous period (146–66 Ma), though southern beech became more prominent towards the end of this period. Ammonites were common in the seas around Antarctica, and dinosaurs were also present, though only three Antarctic dinosaur genera (Cryolophosaurus and Glacialisaurus, from the Hanson Formation,[63] and Antarctopelta) have been described to date.[64] It was during this era that Gondwana began to break up.

Source: Antarctica – Wikipedia

In 1864, the English zoologist Philip Sclater hypothesized the existence of a submerged land connection between India, Madagascar and continental Africa. He named this submerged land Lemuria, as the concept had its origins in his attempts to explain the presence of lemur-like primates (strepsirrhini) on these three disconnected lands. Before the Lemuria hypothesis was rendered obsolete by the continental drift theory, a number of scholars supported and expanded it. The concept was introduced to the Indian readers in an 1873 physical geography textbook by Henry Francis Blanford. According to Blanford, the landmass had submerged due to volcanic activity during the Cretaceous period.[15][16] In late 1870s, the Lemuria theory found its first proponents in the present-day Tamil Nadu, when the leaders of the Adyar-headquartered Theosophical Society wrote about it (see the root race theory).[2][17]

Source: Kumari Kandam – Wikipedia

Multiple ancient and medieval Tamil and Sanskrit works contain legendary accounts of lands in South India being lost to the ocean. The earliest explicit discussion of a katalkol (“seizure by ocean”, possibly tsunami) of Pandyan land is found in a commentary on Iraiyanar Akapporul. This commentary, attributed to Nakkeerar, is dated to the later centuries of the 1st millennium CE. It mentions that the Pandyan kings, an early Tamil dynasty, established three literary academies (Sangams): the first Sangam flourished for 4,400 years in a city called Tenmaturai (South Madurai) attended by 549 poets (including Agastya) and presided over by gods like Shiva, Kubera and Murugan. The second Sangam lasted for 3,700 years in a city called Kapatapuram, attended by 59 poets (including Agastya, again). The commentary states that both the cities were “seized by the ocean”, resulting in loss of all the works created during the first two Sangams. The third Sangam was established in Uttara (North) Madurai, where it is said to have lasted for 1,850 years.[7][8][9]

Source: Kumari Kandam – Wikipedia

The Tamil Sangams or Cankams were assemblies of Tamil scholars and poets that, according to traditional Tamil accounts, occurred in the remote past. Scholars believe that these assemblies were originally known as kooṭam or “gathering,”[1][2][3] which was also a name for Madurai. Three assemblies are described. The legend has it that the first two were held in cities since “taken by the sea”, and the third was held in the present-day city of Madurai. […]

In contemporary versions of the legend, the cities where the first two Sangams were held are said to have been located on Kumari Kandam, a fabled lost continent, that lay to the South of mainland India, and which was described as the cradle of Tamil culture.

Kumari Kandam supposedly lay south of present-day Kanyakumari District and, according to these legends, was seized by the sea in a series of catastrophic floods.[22]

Source: Tamil Sangams – Wikipedia

The Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration was an era which began at the end of the 19th century, and ended after the First World War; the Shackleton–Rowett Expedition of 1921–22 is often cited by historians as the dividing line between the “Heroic” and “Mechanical” ages.[1][2][3] During the Heroic Age the Antarctic continent became the focus of international efforts that resulted in intensive scientific and geographical exploration, in which 17 major Antarctic expeditions were launched from ten countries.[4] The common factor in these expeditions was the limited nature of the resources available to them before advances in transport and communication technologies revolutionized the work of exploration.[1][5] This meant that each expedition became a feat of endurance that tested, and sometimes exceeded its personnel’s physical and mental limits.

Source: Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration – Wikipedia

Synarchism generally means “joint rule” or “harmonious rule”. Beyond this general definition, both synarchism and synarchy have been used to denote rule by a secret elite in Vichy France, Italy, China, Hong Kong and Mexico.[1]

Source: Synarchism – Wikipedia

Nineteenth-century French occultist Alexandre Saint-Yves d’Alveydre published the first “reliable” account of Agartha in Europe.[4] According to him, the secret world of “Agartha” and all of its wisdom and wealth “will be accessible for all mankind, when Christianity lives up to the commandments which were once drafted by Moses and God”, meaning “When the Anarchy which exists in our world is replaced by the Synarchy.” Saint-Yves gives a lively description of “Agartha” in this book as if it were a place which really exists, situated in the Himalayas in Tibet. Saint-Yves’ version of the history of “Agartha” is based upon “revealed” information, meaning received by Saint-Yves himself through “attunement”.

Source: Agartha – Wikipedia

Speculation over the existence of a “southern land” is not confirmed until the early 1820s when British and American commercial operators and British and Russian national expeditions begin exploring the Antarctic Peninsula region and other areas south of the Antarctic Circle. Not until 1840 it is established that Antarctica is indeed a continent and not just a group of islands. Several exploration “firsts” are achieved in the early 20th century. Following World War II, there is an upsurge in scientific research on the continent. A number of countries set up year-round research stations on Antarctica. Seven countries make territorial claims, but no other country recognizes these claims. In order to form a legal framework for the activities of nations on the continent, an Antarctic Treaty is negotiated that neither denies nor gives recognition to existing territorial claims; signed in 1959, it enters into force in 1961.

Source: Atlas of Antarctica – Wikimedia Commons

vahaiya sín Andóre “far away now (is) the Land of Gift”

Source: Eldamo : Middle Quenya : vahaiya sín Andóre

From “The Lament of Atalante”, J. R. R. Tolkien.

Therianthropy refers to the fantastical, or mythological, ability of some humans to change into animals.[5] Therianthropes are said to change forms via shapeshifting. Therianthropy has long existed in mythology, and seems to be depicted in ancient cave drawings[6] such as The Sorcerer, a pictograph executed at the Palaeolithic cave drawings found in the Pyrénées at the Les Trois Frères, France, archeological site.

‘Theriocephaly’ (Gr. “animal headedness”) refers to beings which have an animal head attached to an anthropomorphic, or human, body; for example, the animal-headed forms of gods depicted in ancient Egyptian religion (such as Ra, Sobek, Anubis).

Source: Therianthropy – Wikipedia