CA
Category: Other Page 162 of 177
Island locations were represented by shells tied to the framework, or by the lashed junction of two or more sticks. The threads represented prevailing ocean surface wave-crests and directions they took as they approached islands and met other similar wave-crests formed by the ebb and flow of breakers. Individual charts varied so much in form and interpretation that the individual navigator who made the chart was the only person who could fully interpret and use it.
Gaulish Mercury is associated with triplism: sometimes he has three faces, sometimes three phalluses, which may explain the plural dedications. This also compares with Irish myth. In some versions of the story Lug was born as one of triplets, and his father, Cian (“Distance”), is often mentioned in the same breath as his brothers Cú (“Hound”) and Cethen (meaning unknown), who nonetheless have no stories of their own.
Source: Lugus – Wikipedia
The Peace of Westphalia established the precedent of peace established by diplomatic congress. A new system of political order arose in central Europe, based upon peaceful coexistence among sovereign states. Inter-state aggression was to be held in check by a balance of power, and a norm was established against interference in another state’s domestic affairs. As European influence spread across the globe, these Westphalian principles, especially the concept of sovereign states, became central to international law and to the prevailing world order.[3]
Source: Peace of Westphalia – Wikipedia
Princeps (plural: principes) is a Latin word meaning “first in time or order; the first, foremost,[1] chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble; the first man, first person”.[2] As a title, “princeps” originated in the Roman Republic wherein the leading member of the Senate was designated princeps senatus.[3]
Source: Princeps – Wikipedia
A polity is an identifiable political entity. It can be defined as any group of people who have a collective identity, who have a capacity to mobilize resources, and are organized by some form of institutionalized hierarchy.[1]
Source: Polity – Wikipedia
In ancient Rome, Imperium was a form of authority held by a citizen to control a military or governmental entity. It is distinct from auctoritas and potestas, different and generally inferior types of power in the Roman Republic and Empire. One’s imperium could be over a specific military unit, or it could be over a province or territory. Individuals given such power were referred to as curule magistrates or promagistrates. These included the curule aedile, the praetor, the consul, the magister equitum, and the dictator. In
Source: Imperium – Wikipedia
Roma quadrata (Latin, “Square Rome”) was an area, or perhaps a structure, within the original pomerium of the ancient city of Rome. It apparently dated to the earliest stage of the city’s formation. The original meaning had already become obscure to both Latin and Greek historians by the late Roman Republic (2nd century BC).
Source: Roma quadrata – Wikipedia
The magistrates who held imperium did not have full power inside the pomerium. They could have a citizen beaten, but not sentenced to death. This was symbolised by removing the axes from the fasces carried by the magistrate’s lictors.[4] Only a dictator’s lictors could carry fasces containing axes inside the pomerium. […]
Provincial promagistrates and generals were forbidden from entering the pomerium, and resigned their imperium immediately upon crossing it (as it was the superlative form of the ban on armies entering Italy). Ceremonies of triumph, in which an army would march through the city in celebration of a victory, were an exception to this rule, although a general could only enter the city on the very day of his triumph, and would be required to wait outside the pomerium with his troops until that moment.[5] Under the Republic, soldiers also lost their status when entering, becoming citizens: thus soldiers at their general’s triumph wore civilian dress.
Source: Pomerium – Wikipedia